https://blog.denglei.me/tags/python/ Recent content in Python on Coding with Denglei Hugo zh-cn Thu, 25 Jun 2026 23:06:22 +0800 https://blog.denglei.me/posts/pythonic-thinking-migration-guide/ Tue, 16 Jun 2026 17:04:23 +0800 https://blog.denglei.me/posts/pythonic-thinking-migration-guide/ <blockquote> <p>想学学python搞ai应用开发，但是好多教程都是从“hello world&quot; 开始，太痛苦了。因此，整理了这份文档。面向有编程基础的开发者，快速掌握 Python 开发全貌</p></blockquote> <hr> <h2 id="一环境管理">一、环境管理</h2> <h3 id="python-版本管理">Python 版本管理</h3> <h4 id="macos--linuxpyenv">macOS / Linux（pyenv）</h4> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">curl https://pyenv.run <span class="p">|</span> bash </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">pyenv install 3.12.0 <span class="c1"># 安装指定版本</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">pyenv global 3.12.0 <span class="c1"># 设置全局版本</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">pyenv <span class="nb">local</span> 3.11.0 <span class="c1"># 设置当前目录版本（生成 .python-version）</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">pyenv versions <span class="c1"># 列出所有已安装版本</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">pyenv which python <span class="c1"># 查看当前 python 路径</span> </span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="windowspowershell">Windows（PowerShell）</h4> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-powershell" data-lang="powershell"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">winget</span> <span class="n">search</span> <span class="n">Python</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="py">Python</span> <span class="c"># 搜索可用版本</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">winget</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="n">Python</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="py">Python</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="py">3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="py">12</span> <span class="c"># 安装</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">winget</span> <span class="n">upgrade</span> <span class="n">Python</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="py">Python</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="py">3</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="py">12</span> <span class="c"># 升级</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">python</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-version</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">pip</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="n">-version</span> </span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote> <p>⚠️ 使用官网 <code>.exe</code>​ 安装包时，务必勾选 ​<strong>Add Python to PATH</strong>​，否则终端找不到 <code>python</code> 命令。</p></blockquote> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-powershell" data-lang="powershell"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nb">Invoke-WebRequest</span> <span class="n">-UseBasicParsing</span> <span class="p">`</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">-Uri</span> <span class="s2">&#34;https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pyenv-win/pyenv-win/master/pyenv-win/install-pyenv-win.ps1&#34;</span> <span class="p">`</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">-OutFile</span> <span class="s2">&#34;</span><span class="nv">$HOME</span><span class="s2">\install-pyenv-win.ps1&#34;</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">&amp;</span> <span class="s2">&#34;</span><span class="nv">$HOME</span><span class="s2">\install-pyenv-win.ps1&#34;</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">pyenv</span> <span class="n">install</span> <span class="mf">3.12</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="py">0</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">pyenv</span> <span class="n">global</span> <span class="mf">3.12</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="py">0</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">pyenv</span> <span class="n">local</span> <span class="mf">3.11</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="py">0</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">pyenv</span> <span class="n">versions</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">pyenv</span> <span class="n">rehash</span> <span class="c"># 安装新版本后刷新 shims</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">where</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="py">exe</span> <span class="n">python</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nv">$env:PATH</span> <span class="n">-split</span> <span class="s2">&#34;;&#34;</span> </span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="虚拟环境">虚拟环境</h3> <h4 id="macos--linux">macOS / Linux</h4> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">python -m venv .venv <span class="c1"># 创建</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nb">source</span> .venv/bin/activate <span class="c1"># 激活</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">deactivate <span class="c1"># 退出</span> </span></span></code></pre></div><h4 id="windowspowershell-1">Windows（PowerShell）</h4> <div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-powershell" data-lang="powershell"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">python</span> <span class="n">-m</span> <span class="n">venv</span> <span class="p">.</span><span class="py">venv</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">.\.</span><span class="n">venv</span><span class="p">\</span><span class="n">Scripts</span><span class="p">\</span><span class="n">Activate</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="py">ps1</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="n">deactivate</span> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nb">Remove-Item</span> <span class="n">-Recurse</span> <span class="n">-Force</span> <span class="p">.</span><span class="py">venv</span> </span></span></code></pre></div><blockquote> <p>⚠️ 首次激活若报&quot;无法加载文件&quot;执行策略错误，运行一次即可解决：</p>